The first domestic shared bicycle group standard was released.
On July 5th, the Shanghai Bicycle Industry Association released the three standards for shared bicycles, including three aspects: "Shared Bicycles Part 1: Bicycles", "Shared Bicycles Part II: Electric Bicycles" and "Shared Bicycle Service Specifications" .
The Shanghai Bicycle Industry Association provides detailed answers to the above three group standard questions.
1. Q: Why does the definition of shared bicycles added have adopted the “Internet leasing method”? A: The definition of the shared bicycle that was released was changed to “Designed for single-person daily transportation, using the Internet rental method to achieve urban bicycle sharing by the public.” The “Internet leasing method” was added. It is to clarify the Internet properties of shared bicycles.
At present, the name of the shared bicycle is very much. The document issued by the Ministry of Communications is called “Internet rental bicycle”. We think there is still a need for discussion. The name is too long to be conducive to the spread of language. However, the relationship between shared bicycles and the Internet is indeed real, which is clearly defined in the definition.
2. Q: Why do you have to specify the size of the car?
A: In order to ensure the safety of bicycle riding, people can land on both feet of the saddle while the bicycle is parked. At the same time, shared bicycles provide a mass service, and it is impossible to provide personalized services at present, and the specifications of the cars are relatively small. This exists. The same model is safe for Party A and may be unsafe for Party B. Therefore, it is necessary to clearly share the height of the frame of the bicycle and the height of the saddle from the ground.
At the same time, the shared bicycle is parked in a public place, and the area occupied by the oversized vehicle is also large. For this reason, the width and length of the handlebar are limited.
3. Q: What measures have been taken to protect the bicycle from corrosion?
A: The standard puts forward higher requirements on the anti-corrosion performance of spokes, fasteners and electroplating and paint. Moreover, the corrosion resistance is consistent for different materials such as stainless steel parts and different plating methods such as galvanizing and chrome plating. . The corrosion resistance test for paint is different from the conventional one, using a salt spray method that mimics the climate.
4. Q: What are the special regulations for sharing bicycle standards?
A: Parts such as brackets, mud boards, and locks are optional on ordinary bicycles, but they must be equipped for sharing bicycles. At the same time, specific technical requirements are also required for these parts. In particular, Internet functions are required for locks.
5. Q: Why is it necessary to share the bicycle for three years? Where is it?
A: Shared bicycles share the vehicle, reduce the occupancy rate of personal vehicles, increase the usage rate of vehicles, and meet the social needs with the least number of vehicles. Therefore, the frequency of sharing bicycles is much greater than that of bicycles owned by individuals. The average driving distance per car per year is ten or even ten times that of civilian bicycles. In order to use safety, it is necessary to stipulate the age of the shared bicycle.
The three-year life of the shared bicycle is actually included in two aspects. One is not up to the second, and the other is three years later.
Explain first that the quality of shared bicycles is less than three years of use. This situation should be more common. Therefore, it is especially necessary to develop a standard for sharing bicycle products. The standard for sharing bicycle products has improved the quality requirements. The shared bicycles produced according to the standard can meet the requirements for three years.
From the analysis of the shared bicycles that have been put into operation in the market, the number of shared bicycles with a life expectancy of more than three years is relatively small. The standard is based on three years:
(1) Products that are used for public use have a mandatory retirement period.
(2) With reference to the experience of domestically owned multi-purpose bicycle sharing companies for many years. Moreover, the service of sharing bicycles is controllable, and the shared bicycles without fixed parking spaces are very random.
(3) In the bicycle of three bags of ordinary bicycles, the warranty period for the frame is three years.
(4) The parts that can be used for more than three years in shared bicycles are only the frame, and many of the rotating, transmission and steering parts are wearing parts. After three years of high-intensity use of the frame, the metal structure may have internal damage, such as the occurrence of problems often occur suddenly. Moreover, the shared bicycle has only been in operation for a year, and many products have been mixed up. It is impossible to prove that some cars can continue to be used after three years.
(5) The life of the shared bicycle is stipulated for three years. It has nothing to do with the actual use environment and frequency. It is indeed unfair. However, for public safety, in the absence of an assessment of product quality, it is only possible to draw lines based on past experience. After all, security is first.
6. Why is the release reduced the “smuggled vehicles not allowed to be assembled and repaired before being put into the market”?
A: If the parts of scrapped vehicles are of available value, can they be put on the market? However, in actual production, the reuse of parts takes a considerable risk. Who will judge? How to judge? Who will bear this responsibility? And the cost of the recycling process is quite high. Therefore, the possibility of reusing parts of scrapped vehicles is very low. The release of the draft will be subject to corporate judgment on the rights and responsibilities for the disposal and reuse of scrapped parts.
7. Q: According to the total number of vehicles invested, the number of vehicle maintenance personnel is not less than 5‰.
Answer: The shared bicycles are equipped with maintenance personnel according to the proportion of the total number of vehicles not less than 5‰. It is formulated with reference to the on-site dispatching, maintenance, maintenance and personnel ratio of the shared bicycles at 10‰. Too high a ratio will increase the operating costs of operating units. Judging from the current actual operation situation, there is still a considerable gap between the personnel equipped with the shared bicycle operating unit, and the personnel equipped by the operating unit can meet the standard requirements. It is important to emphasize that this is the minimum requirement.
8. Q: The age requirement of the user should be over 12 years old. How to limit the age of 70 years old or above? How is it considered?
A: It is originally required to open a health certificate for the age of 70 years old. The actual operation is very difficult. Whoever comes to the certificate, the doctor is willing to open is a problem.
9. Q: Why did the release article increase the requirement that “shared electric bicycle service should meet the age requirement of users over 16 years old”?
A: It is based on the age requirement for riding electric bicycle users in the “Shanghai Non-Motor Vehicle Management Measures”.
10. Q: I canceled the requirement for insurance coverage of 150,000. What are the reasons?
A: How much is the insurance amount? This requires a shared bicycle to negotiate with the insurance company to determine. At present, insurance companies do not have insurance coverage for shared bicycles. The insurance coverage is too high or too low to play the role of insurance, blindly determined that the development of shared bicycles is not good. It is clear from the standard that commercial insurance should be purchased for shared bicycle operating units.
11, Q: Why choose the form of electric assistance?
A: The production of electric bicycles in China is mainly based on the national mandatory standard GB 17761-1999 "General technical conditions for electric bicycles". This standard was developed in 1999 and is currently ineffective in the industry. Super-standard models are everywhere in the market. Therefore, how to control the development of electric bicycles to speeding, super large and overweight has always been a difficult problem for the management department. This problem is not solved, sharing electric bicycles will be blocked by local governments.
The shared electric assist bicycle is a vehicle that is specially designed to meet the short-distance travel of urban residents, and has obvious differences from ordinary electric bicycles.
This standard defines the shared electric bicycle, in addition to the commonality of ordinary electric bicycles, it emphasizes that the characteristics of shared electric bicycles are: the main purpose is single person, equipped with ankles and an auxiliary motor, not only with this auxiliary The motor is driven to realize the city bike shared by the public. To put it simply, it means that "the foot does not step on, the car does not move."
12. Q: Why does the shared electric power bicycle not regulate the weight and size of the car?
A: The characteristics of the shared electric assist bicycle are “the foot does not step on, then the car does not move”. In the case of the foot, the design of the car must be ergonomic, and the ride can be easily achieved and achieve the highest output efficiency. Under this premise, the shape of the shared electric assist bicycle is the shape of a bicycle, and it is impossible to have a large, stupid, heavy model.
13. Q: Why is it not clear to use lithium-ion batteries when sharing electric power bicycles?
A: As in the above case, the shared electric bicycle is easy to ride and achieve the highest output efficiency. The weight and shape of the bicycle must be controlled. The lead-acid battery cannot meet this requirement. Under current technical conditions, only lithium-ion batteries can be used. Therefore, there is no need to emphasize which battery to use for sharing electric assist bicycles. This also leaves room for development of batteries that use new technologies in the future.
14. Q: How does the shared electric assist bicycle achieve the help?
A: The shared electric assist bicycle does not have a turn to control the speed of the vehicle. Its starting and speed are controlled by sensors at the central axis. Its main form is speed sensing and torque sensing. Both have their own advantages and disadvantages. In order to prevent sudden acceleration of speed sensing during start-up, this standard sets the requirement that “the motor can be started when the riding speed is higher than 4km/h”.
15. Q: Why doesn't the electric assist bicycle give a boost ratio?
A: What is the appropriate ratio of electric assist bicycle assistance? There is no final conclusion, and the European standard only gives a reference curve. If the assist ratio is specified according to this curve, it will bring many difficulties to the test, and the practical significance is not great. This standard only specifies the qualitative requirements that “the increase or decrease of motor power should be gradually and smoothly performed without the feeling of sudden acceleration”.
16. What are the international advanced standards cited in the shared bicycle standard?
A: The shared bicycle standard is a supplement to the national standard of bicycles. Many of the supplementary contents adopt the relevant contents of the bicycle international standard ISO4210-2014, the Japanese standard JIS D 9301:2010 and the American standard CPSC standard, as follows:
(Editor: Xu Limei HT001)
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